為何波旁是精品咖啡愛好者的最愛？深入解析其風味與特性 Why Is Bourbon the Favorite of Specialty Coffee Enthusiasts? An In-Depth Analysis of Its Flavor and Characteristics
目錄：
1. 波旁的起源與演變
2. 主要波旁品種及其特性
波旁(Bourbon)是阿拉比卡(Arabica)咖啡最具代表性的品種之一，以其甜感高、酸質細緻、口感圓潤著稱。波旁品種在不同地區發展出多種變異，形成了許多具有獨特風味的亞種。本文將深入探討波旁家族的各種主要變種，包括它們的起源、特徵、風味以及市場價值。
Bourbon is one of the most representative Arabica coffee varieties, known for its high sweetness, refined acidity, and smooth mouthfeel. Over time, Bourbon has evolved into various mutations in different regions, resulting in unique sub-varieties with distinct flavor profiles. This article explores the major Bourbon mutations, their origins, characteristics, flavors, and market value.
波旁的起源與演變
Origins and Evolution of Bourbon
波旁種(Bourbon)是目前最接近阿拉比卡原生種的品種之一，最早在馬達加斯加島旁的留尼汪島(Réunion，原稱 Bourbon)發現。波旁具有獨特的風味，與鐵比卡(Typica)一樣擁有優質口感，具有類似紅酒的酸味和甜美的餘韻。
Bourbon is one of the closest varieties to the original wild Arabica species. It was first discovered on Réunion Island (formerly known as Bourbon) near Madagascar. Bourbon is prized for its distinctive flavor, offering a wine-like acidity and a sweet aftertaste, similar to Typica, another high-quality Arabica variety.
波旁與鐵比卡可以從咖啡樹的葉片與豆貌來區分，波旁的葉子比鐵比卡更寬大，波旁的咖啡櫻桃較小，生成較密集，因此豆貌相較於鐵比卡更小、更渾圓。
Bourbon and Typica can be distinguished by their plant structure and bean’s appearance: Bourbon has broader leaves than Typica, and its coffee cherries are smaller but grow more densely. As a result, Bourbon beans tend to be rounder and smaller than Typica beans.
在肯亞與坦尚尼亞，人們利用波旁的子代進行人工混種，培育出SL28和SL34這兩種知名的人工品種，因其優秀的風味表現而廣受讚譽。
In Kenya and Tanzania, Bourbon’s descendants were selectively bred to develop SL28 and SL34, two highly regarded coffee varieties known for their exceptional flavor profiles.
19世紀，波旁被引入非洲與拉丁美洲，並進一步衍生出多種變異，例如紅波旁、黃波旁、橙波旁、粉紅波旁等。此外，一些抗病性較強或風味更佳的品種，如SL28、SL34、卡杜拉(Caturra)、卡杜艾(Catuaí)等，也來自波旁的基因系統。
During the 19th century, Bourbon was introduced to Africa and Latin America, leading to the development of various mutations, including Red Bourbon, Yellow Bourbon, Orange Bourbon, and Pink Bourbon. Additionally, several disease-resistant or enhanced-flavor varieties, such as SL28, SL34, Caturra, and Catuaí, are derived from the Bourbon genetic lineage.
主要波旁品種及其特性
Major Bourbon Varieties and Their Characteristics
(1)紅波旁(Red Bourbon)
主要產地：中美洲、非洲
果實顏色：紅色
風味特性：甜感高，帶紅果(如櫻桃、莓果)、焦糖風味。
咖啡因含量：正常
市場稀有度：中等
紅波旁是最常見的波旁變種，以其均衡的甜感與酸質著稱，廣泛種植於薩爾瓦多、盧安達、蒲隆地等地。
Main Growing Regions: Central America, Africa
Cherry Color: Red
Flavor Profile: High sweetness, with notes of red fruits (cherry, berries) and caramel
Caffeine Content: Normal
Market Rarity: Moderate
Red Bourbon is the most common Bourbon mutation, widely cultivated in El Salvador, Rwanda, and Burundi, known for its balanced sweetness and acidity.
(2)黃波旁(Yellow Bourbon)
主要產地：巴西、中美洲
果實顏色：黃色
風味特性：蜂蜜甜感高，帶柑橘與熱帶水果風味。
咖啡因含量：正常
市場稀有度：中等
黃波旁是紅波旁的自然突變種，主要分布於巴西，因其甜感更高而受到精品咖啡市場的青睞。
Main Growing Regions: Brazil, Central America
Cherry Color: Yellow
Flavor Profile: High honey-like sweetness with citrus and tropical fruit notes
Caffeine Content: Normal
Market Rarity: Moderate
Yellow Bourbon is a natural mutation of Red Bourbon, primarily grown in Brazil. It is highly sought after in the specialty coffee market for its enhanced sweetness.
(3)橘波旁(Orange Bourbon)
主要產地：巴西、哥倫比亞
果實顏色：橙色
風味特性：甜感突出，帶柑橘類水果與焦糖香氣。
咖啡因含量：正常
市場稀有度：較少
橘波旁相較於紅波旁和黃波旁，更為少見，風味特點介於兩者之間，具有鮮明的柑橘調性。
Main Growing Regions: Brazil, Colombia
Cherry Color: Orange
Flavor Profile: Distinct sweetness, with notes of citrus fruits and caramel
Caffeine Content: Normal
Market Rarity: Rare
Orange Bourbon is less common than Red and Yellow Bourbon, offering a flavor balance between the two, with a strong citrus-forward profile.
(4)粉紅波旁(Pink Bourbon)
主要產地：哥倫比亞
果實顏色：粉紅色
風味特性：甜感高、帶有熱帶水果與花香。
咖啡因含量：正常
市場稀有度：稀有
粉紅波旁是一種相對罕見的變種，部分研究認為它可能是波旁與鐵比卡的自然雜交，具有高甜感與獨特花香。
Main Growing Regions: Colombia
Cherry Color: Pink
Flavor Profile: High sweetness, with notes of tropical fruits and floral aromas
Caffeine Content: Normal
Market Rarity: Very rare
Pink Bourbon is a relatively rare variety. Some research suggests it may be a natural hybrid of Bourbon and Typica, offering high sweetness and a unique floral aroma.
(5)條紋波旁/直紋波旁(Striped Bourbon)
主要產地：哥倫比亞(Huila)
果實顏色：紅色帶黃色條紋
風味特性：花香極高，甜感更強，帶蜂蜜、柑橘、莓果。
咖啡因含量：正常
市場稀有度：極稀有
條紋波旁是近年在哥倫比亞薇拉地區發現的新品種，由澳洲Project Origin團隊首次記錄，目前由La Palma農場的Cesar Morales栽培。其特殊的條紋果實不僅外觀獨特，風味表現亦極為優異。
Main Growing Regions: Huila, Colombia
Cherry Color: Red with yellow stripes
Flavor Profile: Intense floral notes, higher sweetness with hints of honey, citrus, and berries
Caffeine Content: Normal
Market Rarity: Extremely rare
Discovered in Huila, Colombia, Striped Bourbon was first documented by Project Origin (Australia) and cultivated by Cesar Morales of La Palma farm. With its distinct striped cherries and exceptional flavor profile, this variety has gained recognition in the specialty coffee scene.
(6)尖身波旁(Laurina，天然半低因波旁) Naturally Low-Caffeine Bourbon
主要產地：中美洲
果實顏色：紅色
風味特性：酸質活潑，柑橘、莓果，口感更輕盈。
咖啡因含量：極低(約一般阿拉比卡的 30-50%)
市場稀有度：極稀有
尖身波旁是一種天然低咖啡因的波旁變種，咖啡因含量約為一般阿拉比卡的30-50%，因此特別適合對咖啡因較敏感的消費者。它的口感細膩，帶有柑橘與莓果的輕盈風味，甜感高，並且餘韻乾淨清爽。
Main Growing Regions: Central America
Cherry Color: Red
Flavor Profile: Lively acidity, with notes of citrus, berries, and a lighter body
Caffeine Content: Extremely low (30-50% of regular Arabica)
Market Rarity: Extremely rare
Laurina, also known as Bourbon Pointu, is a naturally low-caffeine mutation of Bourbon, has only 30~50% caffeine of regular Arabica, making it an excellent choice for those sensitive to caffeine. It has a delicate body, with citrus and berry flavors, high sweetness, and a clean aftertaste.
波旁品種因其出色的風味與適應性，在全球精品咖啡市場上占據重要地位。近年來，隨著精品咖啡消費者對稀有品種的興趣提升，粉紅波旁、直紋波旁、條紋波旁等罕見品種逐漸受到關注。此外，低咖啡因的尖身波旁為無法攝取過多咖啡因的消費者提供了天然選擇，而條紋波旁等新品種則為咖啡競標市場帶來新的風味體驗。隨著更多農場開始嘗試種植這些珍稀品種，我們可以期待未來波旁家族的進一步發展，為全球咖啡愛好者帶來更豐富的選擇。
Bourbon coffee has secured a prominent place in the specialty coffee market due to its exceptional flavors and adaptability. In recent years, as consumer interest in rare coffee varieties grows, Pink Bourbon, Striped Bourbon, and other unique mutations are gaining attention. Additionally, low-caffeine Laurina offers a natural alternative for coffee lovers who prefer less caffeine, while new Bourbon variations like Striped Bourbon bring fresh flavor experiences to global coffee auctions. With more farms experimenting with these rare varieties, the Bourbon family is expected to evolve further, providing an even wider range of choices for coffee enthusiasts worldwide.
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