咖啡的起源 Origin of Coffee
愛咖啡的你知道10/1是世界咖啡日嗎？21世紀的現今，據統計全世界喝咖啡人口共有10億以上！每天喝掉16億杯咖啡！台灣更是咖啡館密度全球第一、每秒賣13杯！今天來聊聊咖啡的起源，了解一下這杯戀香尤物的由來。
As a coffee lover, do you know that October 1 is World Coffee Day? As now in the 21st century, according to statistics, there are more than 1 billion coffee drinkers in the world! 1.6 billion cups of coffee are consumed every day! Taiwan is the world’s No.1 in terms of coffee density, selling 13 cups per second! Today, let's talk about the origin of coffee, and learn about the origin of this cup of fragrant stunner.
至少在一千年前，咖啡就已經被發現了。阿拉比卡咖啡起源於衣索比亞，再傳至葉門及阿拉伯，15、16世紀阿拉伯人已開始烘焙、研磨咖啡豆，沖煮出的咖啡與我們現在所享用的大致相同，再進一步傳到土耳其等地。在17、18世紀殖民文化散播咖啡種子到世界各地，包括印度、牙馬加、中美洲及墨西哥等地。這是我們所知道的咖啡之旅。
Coffee was discovered at least a thousand years ago. Arabica coffee originated in Ethiopia, and then spread to Yemen and Arabia. In the 15th and 16th centuries, the Arabs began to roast and grind coffee beans, the brewed coffee was roughly the same as what we enjoy now. Then coffee was spread to Turkey and other places. Colonial cultures in the 17th and 18th centuries spread coffee seeds all over the world, including India, Jamaica, Central America and Mexico. This is the coffee journey as we know it.
百年來有另一則牧童傳說。在6至8世紀，衣索比亞牧羊童發現羊群興奮莫名，活蹦亂跳，連病羊和老羊也恢復元氣，飛奔亂舞起來。他發現原來羊群吃了山坡上不知名植物的紅果子，他摘來吃，酸甜可口，倦意全消，身輕體暢。有一天，附近清真寺長老看到，也試著摘幾顆吞下，頃刻間元氣百倍。此後回教徒敬拜前會先喝紅果子熬煮的熱果汁「咖瓦」。但這畢竟是傳說，沒有相關史冊記錄。
There has been another shepherd boy legend over the centuries. From the 6th to the 8th century, Ethiopian shepherd boys found that the sheep were inexplicably excited and jumping around. Even the sick and old sheep recovered and danced wildly. He found that the sheep had eaten the red fruit of an unknown plant on the hillside. He picked it and ate it. One day, the elder of the nearby mosque saw it and tried to pick a few and swallow it. Since then, Muslims would drink the hot juice boiled with red cherries before worshiping. But this is a legend after all, and there is no relevant historical record.
到近幾十年，全球咖啡飲品時尚演化又分為四波進程:
第一波(1940~1960) 即溶咖啡當道
第二波(1960~1990) 重焙拿鐵盛行
第三波(1990~2013) 精品咖啡/拉花/塞風/手沖
第四波(2014~至今) 新品種/新後製處理法/新萃取法
In recent decades, the evolution of global coffee beverage fashion has been divided into four waves:
The First Wave (1940~1960) Instant Coffee Dominated
The Second Wave (1960~1990) Heavy Roasted Lattes Are Popular
The third wave (1990~2013) Specialty coffee/Latte art/ Siphon /Pour-over
The fourth wave (2014~present) new varieties/new post-processing methods/new extraction methods
之前常聽到的第三波精品咖啡，演化到現在已進入第四波咖啡浪潮了，世界氣候變遷及品飲進化，讓更多種的阿拉比卡品種演化出來，更多元處理法強調花香及發酵風味，更新穎萃取法品飲咖啡，這是一個讓我們好好享受美味的咖啡世界！
The third wave of specialty coffee, which is often heard before, has evolved into the fourth wave of coffee. The world's climate change and the evolution of drinking have allowed more varieties of Arabica to evolve. Fermented flavor, more innovative extraction method to drink coffee, this is a world where we can enjoy the delicious coffee!
(本文參考《咖啡聖經》、《咖啡學》、《精品咖啡學》、《第四波精品咖啡學》等書)
References: “Coffee Bible,” “Coffee Science,” “Specialty Coffee,” “Fourth Wave Specialty Coffee” and other books
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