您的咖啡消費，能讓咖啡產業永續嗎？Can Your Coffee Consumption Contribute to the Sustainability of the Coffee Industry?
目錄：
1. 永續發展
2. 精品咖啡永續發展面臨的挑戰
3. 環境永續性
在關懷環境、社會公益的維持及地球永續生存的潮流與省思下，愈來愈多的咖啡產地、咖啡業者及消費者倡導並鼓勵咖啡產業使用對環境較友善的作業模式，以及對咖啡生產者較具經濟效益且符合其社會利益的方向推動。精品咖啡從產地到餐桌的各個環節，能夠做什麼以達到咖啡產業永續呢？
With the growing concern for environmental care, social welfare, and the sustainable existence of our planet, an increasing number of coffee-producing regions, industry players, and consumers advocate and encourage the coffee industry to adopt environmentally friendly practices. This direction aims to support coffee producers in a manner that is economically viable and aligns with their social interests. What steps can specialty coffee take at every stage, from origin to table, to achieve sustainability in the coffee industry?
永續發展
近年來，永續發展已成為一個流行詞，咖啡產業的長期經濟、環境和社會健康是至關重要的考慮因素。生物多樣性減少和農民生活貧窮也是所涉及的一些問題。永續發展既滿足當今的需求，也不損害子孫後代。簡而言之，就是對我們使用資源的方式負責，以確保我們的子孫擁有舒適生活所需的東西。
In recent years, sustainable development has become a buzzword, emphasizing the critical factors of the long-term economic, environmental, and social health of the coffee industry. Issues such as biodiversity loss and rural poverty are significant concerns. Sustainable development meets current needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. In essence, it's about being responsible in how we use resources to ensure a comfortable life for our descendants.
在巴拿馬翡翠莊園(La Esmeralda)只施用適量且必要的肥料，以恢復因耕作而從土地上流失的養分，將生豆處理後的咖啡果肉排到其他農場上重複利用，作為施肥和灌溉的來源。並不斷努力維護流域沿岸的森林並尊重當地的動物，這就是為什麼莊園主特意在當地鳥類築巢季節之前和之後修剪咖啡樹的主要原因。為了提高能源效率，使用水力發電和可持續木材燃燒來運作咖啡處理場。
永續咖啡推廌：巴拿馬 翡翠莊園 綠標 私藏精選 Jaramillo 藝妓
At Panama's La Esmeralda estate, only adequate and necessary fertilizers are used to restore nutrients lost from the land due to cultivation. Coffee pulp from processed beans is redirected to other farms for reuse as fertilizer and irrigation sources. Continuous efforts are made to preserve forest along the watercourses and respect local wildlife, which is why the estate intentionally prunes coffee trees before and after the local bird nesting seasons. To enhance energy efficiency, hydroelectric power and sustainable wood combustion are utilized in the coffee processing facilities.
Promoting Sustainable Coffee: Panama - La Esmeralda Green Label Private Collection Jaramillo Geisha
精品咖啡永續發展面臨的挑戰
全世界咖啡農面臨的普遍挑戰就是從咖啡中獲得生活收入。如果沒有經濟基礎，就很難想像繁榮的農業社區可以成為多元化和不斷增長的產業基礎。有些有遠見的領導者相信永續發展是長期利潤的基礎，並以這種方式經營他們的公司；然而，一些大型咖啡公司缺乏任何遠見，只有實現短期利潤最大化這一乏味的遠見。
One of the universal challenges faced by coffee farmers worldwide is generating a livelihood from coffee. Without an economic foundation, it's challenging to imagine thriving agricultural communities becoming a diverse and continuously growing industry. Some visionary leaders believe that sustainable development is the foundation for long-term profitability and operate their companies accordingly. However, some larger coffee corporations lack this foresight, focusing only on maximizing short-term profits.
需要改進的關鍵領域是性別不平等。雨林聯盟報告指出，女性咖啡農的產量低於男性咖啡農，是因為她們獲得資源的機會較少；根據聯合國糧食及農業組織稱，如果公平競爭，女性的農場產量可以提高20%至30%。國際咖啡組織(ICO)估計，縮小性別差距每年可額外生產300億杯咖啡。
An area that needs improvement is gender inequality. Reports from the Rainforest Alliance indicate that female coffee farmers have lower yields due to limited resource access. According to the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, closing this gender gap could boost farm yields by 20% to 30%. The International Coffee Organization (ICO) estimates that reducing this gender gap could produce an additional 30 billion cups of coffee annually.
在衣索比亞有一個「AMA女性小農計畫」，AMA是當地蓋迪奧語中「母親」的意思，在衣索比亞文化中，女性地位相對低，因此這個計劃的目的就是要改善衣索比亞女性小農們的生活，在擁有足夠運用的資金後，進而生產更優質的咖啡生豆！其實在杯測這些女性小農所種植的咖啡生豆後，發現他們產出的咖啡生豆極具潛力，風味也各具特色！此計畫可以對衣索比亞咖啡產業產生長遠的影響，成為女性咖啡小農的庇蔭，讓咖啡產業更好！
永續咖啡推廌：衣索比亞 耶加雪菲 AMA 博徒崁小農 G1 日曬
In Ethiopia, there's an "AMA Women Coffee Farmers Program," where "AMA" means "mother" in the local Guji dialect. In Ethiopian culture, women have relatively low status. Therefore, the program aims to improve the lives of Ethiopian female coffee farmers. With sufficient funding, these women produce higher-quality coffee beans! Cupping the coffee beans from these female farmers, it was discovered that they possess significant potential and unique flavors. This program could have a lasting impact on the Ethiopian coffee industry, providing shelter for female coffee farmers and benefiting the coffee industry as a whole.
Promoting Sustainable Coffee: Ethiopia Gediyo Yirgacheffe Elatenecha Ama Commitment Burtukan Geremu G1 Natural
環境永續性
環境永續性也許是當今世界面臨的最迫切的問題。農業造成了80%的熱帶森林砍伐，而咖啡種植需要大量資源。咖啡的加工和進出口也會對環境產生影響。一般來說，咖啡種植對生物多樣性有負面影響，但有些方法比其他方法更具破壞性。有遮蔭樹的咖啡農場最適合鳥類和其他野生動物族群。但絕大多數咖啡是在單一種植農場生產的，這減少了生物多樣性。世界經濟論壇報告稱，集約化的陽光種植咖啡農場可能會出現授粉和蟲害問題，增加對殺蟲劑的依賴，並進一步加劇生態退化。
Environmental sustainability may be the most urgent issue facing the world today. Agriculture causes 80% of tropical deforestation, and coffee cultivation requires significant resources. The processing and export of coffee also impact the environment. Generally, coffee cultivation has negative effects on biodiversity, but some methods are more destructive than others. Shaded coffee farms are ideal for bird and other wildlife populations. However, the vast majority of coffee is produced on monoculture farms, reducing biodiversity. The World Economic Forum's report states that intensive, sun-grown coffee plantations could lead to pollination and pest issues, increase pesticide reliance, and further exacerbate ecological degradation.
衣索比亞藝伎/藝妓村(Gesha Village)，總面積471公頃，植栽面積占320公頃，保育區佔27%，位於衣索比亞西南方，為衣索比亞兩大主要原始森林咖啡之一。原始森林裡的咖啡樹種植於樹蔭下，自然遮蔭法和間作的方式發展，達到環境生態的永續經營。藝伎/藝妓村的目標是成為衣索比亞最好、最具環保意識的咖啡農場，在種植和加工的每一步都對品質做出不妥協的承諾，並對員工和客戶盡心盡力。尋求將世界與衣索比亞聯繫起來，並在一杯完美的咖啡中展現它的所有美麗。
永續咖啡推廌：衣索比亞 藝妓村 金標/紅標/綠標
Gesha Village in Ethiopia covers a total area of 471 hectares, with planting areas occupying 320 hectares, and conservation areas accounting for 27%. It's one of Ethiopia's two major primary forest coffee regions, located in the southwest. Coffee trees planted in the original forest grow under natural shade and intercropping, promoting sustainable ecological management. The goal of Gesha Village is to become Ethiopia's best and most environmentally conscious coffee farm, committed to uncompromising quality at every stage of planting and processing while being dedicated to its employees and customers. It seeks to connect the world with Ethiopia and showcase all its beauty in a perfect cup of coffee.
Promoting Sustainable Coffee: Ethiopia - Gesha Village Gold Label/Red Label/Green Label
考慮到咖啡產業的所有影響似乎令人難以承受，它對世界各地的社區和地球的健康產生巨大影響。但還是有希望的，當您購買咖啡時，請考慮產地的種植方法，並考慮您是否可以支持鼓勵可持續發展的咖啡，是對產地小農的支持以及對產地的友善。
Considering all the impacts of the coffee industry seems overwhelming, affecting communities worldwide and the health of our planet. However, there's hope. When you buy coffee, consider the cultivation methods of the origin and whether you can support coffee that encourages sustainable development, supporting small farmers and being kind to the origin.
參考資料：
1.Taylor, P. L. (2005). In the market but not of it: Fair Trade coffee and Forest Stewardship Council Certification as market-based social change. World Development. Vol. 33, No. 1, pp. 129-1
2.https://perfectdailygrind.com/2018/11/sustainability-in-coffee-what-are-the-main-issues/
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