藝妓咖啡的種類 Varieties of Geisha Coffee
曾被富比士(Forbes)評為「世界十大昂貴咖啡」之一的藝妓咖啡，可說是精品咖啡人盡皆知的傳奇。藝妓事實上還有不同品種的多樣性，像是藝妓T2722、果利藝妓、藝妓1931、綠頂藝妓和銅頂藝妓等，不同品種的藝妓，在風味上會有差異嗎？
Geisha coffee, once named one of the "World's Ten Most Expensive Coffees" by Forbes, is a legendary coffee known to coffee connoisseurs. In fact, there is a diversity of different varieties of Geisha, such as Geisha T2722, Gesha, Geisha 1931, Green Tip Geisha, and Bronze Tip Geisha. Do these different Geisha varieties exhibit flavor variations?
關於藝妓品種存在著嚴重的混亂，因為有多種遺傳上不同的植物類型被稱為藝妓，其中許多植物在衣索比亞有著相似的地理起源。世界咖啡研究中心最近進行的遺傳多樣性分析證實，種植於巴拿馬的T2722品種其後代是獨特且一致的。當植物在高海拔地區得到良好管理時，它與極高的杯測質量有著正相關，並以其精緻的花香、茉莉花和桃子般的香氣而聞名。以下列舉知名的藝妓品種：
There's a serious confusion regarding Geisha varieties because multiple genetically distinct plant types are referred to as Geisha, many of which have similar geographic origins in Ethiopia. Recent genetic diversity analysis conducted by the World Coffee Research Center has confirmed that the T2722 variety grown in Panama has unique and consistent offspring. When properly managed at high altitudes, it correlates positively with extremely high cupping quality and is renowned for its delicate floral, jasmine, and peach-like aromas. Here are some well-known Geisha varieties:
藝妓T2722
在巴拿馬生長繁衍超過60年的藝妓是T2722品種。最初於1930年代從衣索比亞的咖啡森林中採集。它被送到坦桑尼亞的Lyamungu研究站，然後於1953年被帶到中美洲哥斯大黎加的Centro Agronómico Tropical de Investigación y Enseñanza (CATIE)，在那裡被記錄為編號T2722。在1960年代，人們認識到它對咖啡葉銹病具有耐受性後，它通過CATIE銷往巴拿馬各地。但該植物枝條較脆，不受農民喜愛，因此並未廣泛種植。直到2005年，巴拿波奎特的Peterson家族將此咖啡參加巴拿馬最佳咖啡(Best of Panama)競賽和拍賣會，該咖啡開始聲名鵲起。它獲得了極高的評價，並打破了當時生咖啡拍賣價格的紀錄。
Geisha T2722
The Geisha T2722, which has been growing and reproducing in Panama for over 60 years, originally from the coffee forests of Ethiopia in the 1930s. It was sent to the Lyamungu research station in Tanzania. In 1953, it was brought to the Centro Agronómico Tropical de Investigación y Enseñanza (CATIE) in Costa Rica, where it was recorded as the T2722 variety. In the 1960s, it was recognized for its resistance to coffee leaf rust, and it was distributed to various parts of Panama through CATIE. However, due to its relatively brittle branches, it wasn't favored by farmers and wasn't extensively cultivated. It wasn't until 2005 when the Peterson family in Boquete, Panama, entered this coffee into the Best of Panama competition and auction that this coffee began to gain fame. It received exceptionally high ratings and broke records for coffee auction prices at the time.
綠頂藝妓(Green Tip)&銅頂藝妓(Bronze Tip)
巴拿馬藝妓根據咖啡樹葉子頂端的顏色，有兩種已知的變體：綠頂藝妓和銅頂藝妓。綠頂藝妓的風味突顯花香，並具有更明亮的酸度。銅頂藝妓的口感滑順且奶油感佳，但花香較少、果香較多，酸味不明顯。
Green Tip Geisha & Bronze Tip Geisha
In Panama, Geisha coffee comes in two known variants based on the color of the coffee tree leaves' tips: Green Tip Geisha and Bronze Tip Geisha. Green Tip Geisha is known for its prominent floral notes and brighter acidity. Bronze Tip Geisha, on the other hand, offers a smoother and creamier mouthfeel with less floral aroma and more fruity notes, and its acidity is less pronounced.
果利藝妓(Gori Gesha)
衣索比亞的原生藝妓品種，命名於藝妓咖啡的起源地-果利森林(Gori Gesha Forest)，森林內具遺傳多樣性，有些是圓身、有些是尖身。此為衣索比亞藝妓村於2011年尋獲的品種，並依據藝妓村篩選規則為目數16目及以上；並依藝妓村分級制度，通常為綠標等級的出口品。
Gori Gesha
Gori Gesha is a native Ethiopian Geisha variety, named after the origin of Geisha coffee - the Gori Gesha Forest. This forest has genetic diversity, resulting in some varieties having a rounded body while others have a more pointed one. Discovered by the Ethiopian Gesha Village in 2011, it was selected based on the village's screening criteria of 16 screen sizes and above. Typically, it is exported as a Green Label grade following the Gesha Village's grading system.
藝妓1931(Gesha 1931)
衣索比亞的藝妓品種，擁有各式不同森林的品種結合，與巴拿馬藝妓的風味特性非常相似，藉由觀察其植物型態、豆型外觀、目數大小及杯測風味而篩選出來的品種。此為衣索比亞藝妓村主力種植的品種，依據藝妓村篩選規則為目數17目及以上；並依藝妓村分級制度為金標及紅標等級的出口品。
Gesha 1931
The Geisha variety in Ethiopia is a combination of various types from different forests, and its flavor profile is very similar to that of Panama's Geisha. This variety was selected by observing its plant morphology, bean appearance, screen size, and cupping flavor. It's the primary variety cultivated in the Ethiopian Gesha Village, meeting the village's selection criteria of a screen size of 17 and above. It is also exported following the Gesha Village's grading system, with Gold Label and Red Label grades being common.
│Geisha Village Gold Label Red Label Green Label
關於藝妓的名稱，Geisha和Gesha的拼寫經常互換使用，此與音譯有關，因為沒有從衣索比亞方言到英語的固定翻譯。咖啡最初以Geisha的拼寫記錄在種植記錄中，幾十年來，咖啡研究人員和種植資料庫大多維持著這種拼寫，導致該拼寫首先在咖啡行業得到推廣和使用。此品種最初是在衣索比亞一座山中被採集出來，該山的名字在英語中通常被翻譯為Gesha或Geisha。
Regarding the spelling of Geisha, it is often interchangeably used with Gesha, which is due to transliteration since there is no fixed translation from Ethiopian dialects to English. Coffee was initially recorded with the spelling Geisha in planting records, and this spelling has largely been maintained by coffee researchers and planting databases for decades, leading to its widespread use in the coffee industry. This variety was originally collected from a mountain in Ethiopia, which is typically translated as Gesha or Geisha in English.
近年來世界各地興起藝妓品種的栽種，並在各大競賽中獲得佳績，包括中南美洲的瓜地馬拉、哥斯大黎加、薩爾瓦多、哥倫比亞、秘魯等地，一般都是借由巴拿馬T2722品種移植過去。此外，台灣也有許多高海拔的地區開始種植藝妓，通常海拔愈高、風味愈迷人。
In recent years, Geisha varieties have gained interest and have been cultivated in various parts of the world, including Guatemala, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Colombia, Peru, and more in Central and South America. Usually, these efforts involve transplanting the Panama T2722 variety. Additionally, Taiwan has started growing Geisha in many high-altitude regions, with higher altitudes typically resulting in more enchanting flavors.
│咖啡品種 原來這麼多種
│Types of Coffee Beans
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