認識阿拉比卡咖啡 Getting to Know Arabica Coffee

JC咖啡堅持選用100%阿拉比卡咖啡豆，為什麼？阿拉比卡的優勢和美味在哪裡？讓我們來好好認識這個種植於高海拔、需細細呵護、風味和香氣優良的精品咖啡店標配品種吧。

Justin Coffee insists on using 100% Arabica coffee beans, but why? What are the advantages and delicious qualities of Arabica? Let's take a closer look at this specialty coffee variety, which is grown at high altitudes, requires careful nurturing, and is known for its excellent flavor and aroma.

阿拉比卡咖啡起源於衣索比亞，但現代咖啡飲用沖泡源自阿拉伯，15世紀阿拉伯人已開始烘焙、研磨咖啡豆，沖煮出的咖啡與我們現在所享用的大致相同，阿拉比卡(Arabica)這個詞即源於阿拉伯(Arabia)這個詞。並在17、18世紀殖民文化散播咖啡種子到世界各地。

Arabica coffee has its origins in Ethiopia, but modern coffee consumption and brewing methods are rooted in the Arab world. Arab people began roasting, grinding, and brewing coffee beans in the 15th century, and the coffee they prepared closely resembles what we enjoy today. The term "Arabica" is derived from "Arabia." During the 17th and 18th centuries, colonial culture spread coffee seeds to various parts of the world.

│延伸閱讀: 咖啡的起源

│Further reading: Origin of Coffee

阿拉比卡咖啡豆適合生長在靠近赤道的熱帶氣候中，即北迥歸線與南迥歸線之間，包括中美洲、南美洲、非洲、亞洲和大洋洲地區。它們喜歡海拔較高、氣候涼爽(約在攝氏17~-23度)的地方。通常生長在山坡上，除了需要山坡上的熱帶氣候才能開花外，阿拉比卡咖啡樹是喜蔭植物，在陽光直射下很難生存。因此，它們在雨季和旱季明確、年降雨量約為1500毫米的森林茂密地區繁衍生息。

Arabica coffee beans thrive in tropical climates near the equator, between the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn, including regions in Central and South America, Africa, Asia, and Oceania. They prefer higher altitudes and cooler temperatures (typically between 17°C to 23°C). These coffee trees usually grow on slopes, as they require the tropical climate of hillside locations to flower. Arabica coffee trees are shade-loving plants and struggle to survive in direct sunlight. Therefore, they flourish in densely forested areas with clear distinctions between rainy and dry seasons and an annual rainfall of approximately 1500 millimeters.

咖啡在植物學上，屬於茜草科咖啡亞屬的常綠樹，咖啡豆是咖啡樹果實的種子，其中有三大品種：阿拉比卡種(Arabica)、羅布斯塔種(Robusta)及賴比瑞亞種(Liberica)。世界上的精品咖啡來自阿拉比卡種，羅布斯塔種多用於商業咖啡、或即溶咖啡主原料，而賴比瑞亞種很少見。

Botanically, coffee belongs to the Rubiaceae family under the Coffea subgenus. Coffee beans are the seeds of coffee tree fruits, and there are three major species: Arabica (Coffea arabica), Robusta (Coffea canephora), and Liberica (Coffea liberica). Specialty coffee, celebrated for its exquisite flavors, primarily comes from Arabica beans. Robusta beans are often used in commercial coffee or instant coffee production, while Liberica beans are relatively rare.

阿拉比卡咖啡是世界上主要飲用的品種，市佔率約80％，羅布斯塔咖啡，市佔率約20％。阿拉比卡咖啡樹以精緻芬芳的花朵和橢圓形的咖啡豆而聞名，阿拉比卡咖啡豆通常比羅布斯塔咖啡豆更小、更橢圓形，而羅布斯塔咖啡豆更大、更接近球形。阿拉比卡咖啡樹對環境條件更敏感，並且比羅布斯塔咖啡樹更難生長。羅布斯塔比阿拉比卡更耐寒，羅布斯塔可以在海拔500公尺生長良好，而優質阿拉比卡咖啡則需要至少海拔1200公尺以上。

Arabica coffee is the dominant coffee variety globally, accounting for approximately 80% of the market share, while Robusta coffee makes up around 20%. Arabica coffee is renowned for its delicate and aromatic flowers and oval-shaped beans. Arabica beans are typically smaller and more oval, while Robusta beans are larger and closer to being spherical. Arabica coffee trees are more sensitive to environmental conditions and are more challenging to cultivate. Robusta is more cold-resistant and can grow well at altitudes as low as 500 meters, whereas high-quality Arabica coffee requires altitudes of at least 1200 meters or higher.

阿拉比卡咖啡以滑順溫和的口感和甜美芳香的香氣而聞名；與羅布斯塔咖啡相比，它的酸質更佳，果香更豐富，羅布斯塔咖啡以其濃郁的苦味和泥土木質調香氣而聞名。阿拉比卡咖啡的咖啡因含量(每克咖啡含約12毫克)也比羅布斯塔咖啡(每克咖啡含約24毫克)低，對咖啡因敏感的人來說是較好的選擇。

Arabica coffee is known for its smooth, mild taste and sweet, aromatic fragrance. In comparison to Robusta coffee, it boasts better acidity and a more diverse range of fruity flavors. Robusta coffee, on the other hand, is recognized for its strong bitterness and earthy, woody aromas. Arabica coffee also has a lower caffeine content (approximately 12 milligrams per gram) compared to Robusta coffee (approximately 24 milligrams per gram), making it a preferable choice for individuals sensitive to caffeine.

阿拉比卡種之間又有各種演化、雜交、突變等亞種阿拉比卡咖啡，包括：藝妓(Geisha)、帕卡瑪拉(Pacamara)、古優原生種(Heirloom)、波旁(Bourbon)、鐵比卡(Typica)、卡杜拉(Caturra)、卡度艾(Catuai)、帕卡斯(Pacas)等世界知名的精品咖啡。

Within the Arabica species, various subtypes, hybrids, mutations, and subvarieties have evolved, resulting in renowned specialty coffees such as Geisha, Pacamara, Heirloom, Bourbon, Typica, Caturra, Catuai, Pacas, and many others worldwide.

│延伸閱讀: 咖啡品種 原來這麼多種
│Further reading: Types of Coffee Beans

阿拉比卡咖啡是世界上最受歡迎的咖啡，用於多種配方咖啡和單一莊園咖啡。無論您喜歡厚實深焙、堅果調中焙、還是花香果香的淺焙，都沒關係，各種焙度的阿拉比卡咖啡都可以滿足您的需求，在您的咖啡杯中閃閃發光。

Arabica coffee is the world's most popular coffee, used in various blend coffees and single-origin coffees. Whether you prefer a rich dark roast, a nutty medium roast, or a light roast with floral and fruity notes, it doesn't matter – Arabica coffee of various roast levels can satisfy your preferences and shine in your coffee cup.

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